说明：
对于自动化运维，诸如备份恢复之类的，DBA经常需要将SQL语句封装到shell脚本。本文描述了在Linux环境下mysql数据库中，shell脚本下调用sql语句的几种方法，供大家参考。对于脚本输出的结果美化，需要进一步完善和调整。以下为具体的示例及其方法。
环境：
[root@SZDB ~]# more /etc/issue CentOS release 5.9 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like 'version'; +---------------+------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+------------+ | version | 5.6.12-log | +---------------+------------+
实例：以下分别为5种操作mysql方法
1、将SQL语句直接嵌入到shell脚本文件中
[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql1.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Define log
TIMESTAMP=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`
LOG=call_sql_${TIMESTAMP}.log
echo "Start execute sql statement at `date`." >>${LOG}
# execute sql stat
mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "
tee /tmp/temp.log
drop database if exists tempdb;
create database tempdb;
use tempdb
create table if not exists tb_tmp(id smallint,val varchar(20));
insert into tb_tmp values (1,'jack'),(2,'robin'),(3,'mark');
select * from tb_tmp;
notee
quit"
echo -e "\n">>${LOG}
echo "below is output result.">>${LOG}
cat /tmp/temp.log>>${LOG}
echo "script executed successful.">>${LOG}
exit;
[root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql1.sh
Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log'
+------+-------+
| id | val |
+------+-------+
| 1 | jack |
| 2 | robin |
| 3 | mark |
+------+-------+
Outfile disabled.
2、命令行调用单独的SQL文件
[root@SZDB ~]# more temp.sql tee /tmp/temp.log drop database if exists tempdb; create database tempdb; use tempdb create table if not exists tb_tmp(id smallint,val varchar(20)); insert into tb_tmp values (1,'jack'),(2,'robin'),(3,'mark'); select * from tb_tmp; notee [root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -e "source /root/temp.sql" Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log' +------+-------+ | id | val | +------+-------+ | 1 | jack | | 2 | robin | | 3 | mark | +------+-------+ Outfile disabled.
3、使用管道符调用SQL文件
[root@SZDB ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 /tmp/temp.log [root@SZDB ~]# more /tmp/temp.log Logging to file '/tmp/temp.log' id val 1 jack 2 robin 3 mark Outfile disabled.
4、shell脚本中MySQL提示符下调用SQL
[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql2.sh #!/bin/bash mysql -uroot -p123456 <
5、shell脚本中变量输入与输出[root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql3.sh #!/bin/bash cmd="select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp" cnt=$(mysql -uroot -p123456 -s -e "${cmd}") echo "Current count is : ${cnt}" exit [root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql3.sh Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Current count is : 3 [root@SZDB ~]# echo "select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp"|mysql -uroot -p123456 -s 3 [root@SZDB ~]# more shell_call_sql4.sh #!/bin/bash id=1 cmd="select count(*) from tempdb.tb_tmp where id=${id}" cnt=$(mysql -uroot -p123456 -s -e "${cmd}") echo "Current count is : ${cnt}" exit [root@SZDB ~]# ./shell_call_sql4.sh Current count is : 1
附录：
以上脚本演示中，作抛砖引玉只用，对于输出的结果不是很规整友好，需要进一步改善和提高。