linux下mysql中文乱码

说明:
mysql默认的字符编码是latin1,而我用的是utf-8,存入数据库就变成了?????这样的乱码。windows下只要把my.ini中两处default-character-set=latin1都改为default-character-set=utf8重启既可。
linux下则需要修改/etc/my.cnf,在[mysqld]下加入default-character-set = utf8,[client]下加入default-character-set = utf8,在[mysql]字段里加入default-character-set=utf8

实现:
1.查看原编码

mysql> show variables like 'character%'; //执行编码显示,可以看到默认是latin1
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | latin1 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

 
2.修改/etc/my.cnf,分别在[client],[mysqld],[mysql]字段里添加default-character-set=utf8。注意[mysqld]字段与[mysql]字段是有区别的。这点在网上没人反馈过。

# vim /etc/my.cnf  //添加default-character-set=utf8
[client]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
default-character-set=utf8

修改完成后,service mysql restart重启mysql服务器,使用SHOW VARIABLES LIKE ‘character%’;查看,发现数据库编码全已改成utf8

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                                  |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                                   |
| character_set_connection | utf8                                   |
| character_set_database   | utf8                                   |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                                 |
| character_set_results    | utf8                                   |
| character_set_server     | utf8                                   |
| character_set_system     | utf8                                   |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------+

 
3.如果上面的都修改了还乱码,那剩下问题就一定在connection连接层上。解决方法是在发送查询前执行一下下面这句(直接写在SQL文件的最前面):
SET NAMES ‘utf8′;它相当于以下三指令:
SET character_set_client = utf8;
SET character_set_results = utf8;
SET character_set_connection = utf8;

附录:
朋友的一个站点转到我这边。导入mysql时,mysql还是latin的编码,因此,虽然按上面的步骤,在/etc/my.cnf文件中[client],[mysqld],[mysql]字段里添加default-character-set=utf8,但站点部分中文是乱码。在将mysql编辑改为utf8再重新导入数据库后,就正常了。
估计是mysql是latin编码是,导入数据时,因为mysql无法识别,直接将数据保存成了???这种乱码的形式了

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